An HIV-positive man from Zimbabwe living in South Africa sought treatment for multiple clinical signs, including fever, weight loss, anemia, and splenomegaly. We identified in his blood an African rodent piroplasm, Anthemosoma garnhami, related to Babesia species. This finding extends the known geographic and host range of A. garnhami.
Keywords: Africa; Anthemosoma garnhami; HIV/AIDS and other retroviruses; murine; opportunistic infections; parasites; piroplasm; recrudescence; rodents; tick-borne diseases; vector-borne infections; viruses.